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Phosphorus supply and management in vegetable production systems in China

Rui WANG, Weiming SHI, Yilin LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 348-356 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019277

摘要：

Vegetable production systems involve high rates of chemical and organic fertilizer applications, leading to significant P accumulation in vegetable soils, as well as a decrease in P use efficiency (PUE), which is one of the key limiting factors in vegetable production. This review introduces the vegetable production systems in China and their fertilization status, and analyzes probable causes of overfertilization of vegetable fields. Poorly developed root systems and high P demand have led to the need to maintain much higher available P concentrations in the root zone for regular growth of vegetables, which might necessitate higher phosphate fertilizer input than the plants require. Research on strategies to improve vegetable PUE and the mechanisms of these strategies are summarized in this review. Increasing the P uptake by vegetables by supplying P during the critical growth stage and effectively utilizing the accumulated P by optimizing the C:P ratio in soils can substantially increase PUE. These advances will provide a basis for improving PUE and optimizing phosphate fertilizer applications in vegetable production through regulatory measures. In addition, some policies are recommended that could ensure the safety of vegetables and improve product quality. This review also aims to improve understanding of P cycling in vegetable fields and assist in the development of best practices to manage P reserves globally.

关键词： phosphate fertilizer phosphorus use efficiency vegetable production systems phosphorus management policy recommendation

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照片分享服务中的人际关系印象管理 Article

李凤华, 孙哲, 牛犇, 郭云川, 刘子文

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第1期页码 85-93 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.02.003

摘要：

随着社交网络和移动设备的发展，照片分享已成为一种非常流行的社交活动。由于人们在日常生活中希望展现一种积极的印象，照片分享中的印象管理已变得越来越重要。然而，大多数现有的隐私保护工作都存在两个问题：①为了建立一个合适的印象，用户必须由自己决定是否将照片分享给其他用户；②用户在分享合影照片时，隐含在合影中的人际关系信息也存在泄漏风险，如通过人脸的相对位置可以推断用户的情侣关系或者性倾向。本文提出了一种人际关系印象管理方案（SRIM），通过为用户自动推荐照片分享策略保护用户的关系隐私信息。具体来说，本文设计了一种轻量级的人脸距离测量方法，利用照片的元数据和人脸检测结果计算用户在合影中的实际距离，再通过关系印象评估算法对合影中的人际关系进行评估和管理。基于该方案，本文实现了一个原型系统，并邀请了21 位志愿者对系统的功能进行了验证，评估结果验证了该方案的有效性和效率。

关键词：印象管理关系隐私信息照片分享策略推荐人际距离学

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水产生物安保发展趋势与政策建议

黄倢,曾令兵,董宣,梁艳,谢国驷,张庆利

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第3期页码 15-21 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.03.003

摘要：

本文基于我国水产养殖疫病防控发展的现状和趋势，对我国水产生物安保需求形势形成基本判断。针对水产养殖业“十三五”发展规划，凝练出水产生物安保的战略目标、基本原则和战略重点，并提出了“以生物安保为指导调整我国水产养殖业发展政策”“积极与国际接轨提升我国水生动物卫生管理水平”和“尽快实施一批水产生物安保科技重点研发计划”等重大建议；指出应认清生物安保属国家生态安全的战略地位，是行业执政能力的反映，应以生物安保为核心引领我国水产养殖业的技术升级与结构调整，并尽快重点抓好国家级和省级原良种场的生物安保，为我国水产养殖业的健康可持续发展提供支撑。

关键词：水产健康生物安保 “十三五”规划可持续发展生态安全

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非独立同分布推荐系统：推荐范式转换的综述和框架 Artical

Longbing Cao

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第2期页码 212-224 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.02.013

摘要：

虽然推荐系统在我们的生活、学习、工作和娱乐中扮演着越来越重要的角色，但是很多时候我们收到的推荐都是不相关的、重复的，或者包含不感兴趣的产品和服务。这些差的推荐系统产生的原因来源于一个本征假设：传统的理论和推荐系统认为用户和物品是独立同分布的(IID)。另一个明显的现象是，虽然投入了很多的精力模拟用户或者物品的特殊属性，但用户和物品的总体属性及它们之间的非独立同分布性(non-IID) 被忽略了。本文先讨论了推荐系统的非独立同分布性，紧接着介绍了非独立同分布性原理，目的是从耦合和异构性的角度来深入阐述传统的推荐系统的固有本质。这种非独立同分布推荐系统引起了传统推荐系统范式的转化—— 从独立同分布向非独立同分布进行转化，希望能够形成高效的、相关性高的、个人订制和可操作的推荐系统。这种系统创造了令人兴奋的能够解决包含冷启动、以稀疏数据为基础、跨域、基于群组信息和欺诈攻击等各种复杂情况的新的研究方向和解决方案。

关键词：独立同分布非独立同分布异构性关系耦合耦合学习关系学习独立同分布学习非独立同分布学习推荐系统推荐非独立同分布推荐

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Analysis of the current situation of environmental policy of China and establishment of distributed environmentalpolicy framework

Chaoyang FU,Wangfeng LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 310-316 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0658-9

摘要： In this study, China’s current macro-environmental policies as well as their implementation and management tools are analyzed. By using the basic economic methodology, detailed studies are conducted focusing on the implementation effect of contemporary China’s typical environmental policy of the total pollutant discharge quantity control type, and also the two types of environmental management tools are compared from the perspective of implementation costs and policy uncertainty. By introduction of distributed management tools into the implementation of environmental policies, market-oriented means and the methods of economic analysis are introduced into environmental policy decision-making mechanisms, which could afford a new method for changing the current relatively low efficiency of environmental policy, solving the problem of “government failure” in environmental policy implementation, and providing a new way to make environmental policy system more flexible and more efficient. It is of great practical significance to solve China's current structural, complex and accumulative environmental problems.

关键词： environmental policy distributed environment policy distributed parameter model lumped parameter model

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我国环保产业的技术创新能力分析

薛婕,马忠玉,罗宏,杨占红,冯慧娟,裴莹莹,吕连宏

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第4期页码 23-31 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.04.004

摘要：

技术创新是环保产业发展的重要驱动力，在新常态下，对推动环保产业升级和转型尤为重要。基于第四次全国环保产业23 820家企业的环境技术研发情况调查数据，采用描述统计的方法，对2011年我国环保产业研发投入与技术创新成果状况进行分析，并定性分析了我国环保产业技术创新的影响因素，为决策者全面掌握环保产业的研发投入与产出提供依据。

关键词：环保产业技术创新研发投入政策建议

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实现隐私保护个性化推荐服务 Review

王聪, 郑宜峰, 蒋精华, 任奎

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第1期页码 21-28 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.02.005

摘要：

推荐系统对于向用户提供个性化服务至关重要。通过个性化的推荐服务，用户可以享受各种有针对性的推荐，如电影、书籍、广告、餐馆等。此外，个性化推荐服务极大地推动了在线业务收入的增长。尽管存在诸多好处，但采用个性化推荐服务通常需要收集用户的个人数据以进行处理和分析，会让用户怀疑个人隐私遭到严重侵犯。因此，在尊重用户隐私的前提下开发实用的隐私保护技术来维护个性化推荐服务提供的数据尤为重要。在本文中，我们提供了与隐私保护的个性化推荐服务相关文献的综合调查。我们介绍了个性化推荐系统的总体架构、其中的隐私问题以及集中于隐私保护个性化推荐服务的现有研究。根据个性化推荐和隐私保护的核心支撑技术，我们对现有研究进行了分类，并对其优缺点进行了深入的讨论和对比，特别是针对隐私和推荐的准确性。与此同时，我们也确定了一些未来的研究方向。

关键词：隐私保护个性化推荐服务针对性推送协同过滤机器学习

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China’s policy framework for carbon capture, utilization and storage: Review, analysis, and outlook

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 400-411 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0862-z

摘要： Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is estimated to contribute substantial CO₂ emission reduction to carbon neutrality in China. There is yet a large gap between such enormous demand and the current capacity, and thus a sound enabling environment with sufficient policy support is imperative for CCUS development. This study reviewed 59 CCUS-related policy documents issued by the Chinese government as of July 2022, and found that a supporting policy framework for CCUS is taking embryonic form in China. More than ten departments of the central government have involved CCUS in their policies, of which the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), and the Ministry of Ecological Environment (MEE) have given the greatest attention with different focuses. Specific policy terms are further analyzed following the method of content analysis and categorized into supply-, environment- and demand-type policies. The results indicate that supply-type policies are unbalanced in policy objectives, as policy terms on technology research and demonstration greatly outnumber those on other objectives, and the attention to weak links and industrial sectors is far from sufficient. Environment-type policies, especially legislations, standards, and incentives, are inadequate in pertinence and operability. Demand-type policies are absent in the current policy system but is essential to drive the demand for the CCUS technology in domestic and foreign markets. To meet the reduction demand of China’s carbon neutral goal, policies need to be tailored according to needs of each specific technology and implemented in an orderly manner with well-balanced use on multiple objectives.

关键词： carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) policy content analysis China

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Hierarchical methodological framework to improve Policy Environmental Assessment: Based on policy layer

Yinglie ZHOU, Cunkuan BAO,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 82-90 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0004-9

摘要： This study explores the current implementation challenges of the Policy Environmental Assessment (PEA), including the implementation of a far richer, more diverse (at macro level), and better understanding of PEA and integration with decision making. The results contribute to the analysis of PEA through different hierarchies of assessment. Stemming from the theory and practice of policy, a concept of PEA hierarchies is proposed including the uppermost PEA, upper-lower PEA, and lowermost PEA. Afterward, the differences of the three hierarchies are interpreted, in terms of aims, principles, processes, and methods. The evaluation of the policy environmental impacts from different lens helps solve the complexities of policies and identify opportunities for improvement of PEA.

关键词： Policy Environmental Assessment (PEA) policy hierarchy PEA hierarchy methodological framework

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Rare tumors: a blue ocean of investigation

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期页码 220-230 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0984-z

摘要： Advances in novel drugs, therapies, and genetic techniques have revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of cancers, substantially improving cancer patients’ prognosis. Although rare tumors account for a non-negligible number, the practice of precision medicine and development of novel therapies are largely hampered by many obstacles. Their low incidence and drastic regional disparities result in the difficulty of informative evidence-based diagnosis and subtyping. Sample exhaustion due to difficulty in diagnosis also leads to a lack of recommended therapeutic strategies in clinical guidelines, insufficient biomarkers for prognosis/efficacy, and inability to identify potential novel therapies in clinical trials. Herein, by reviewing the epidemiological data of Chinese solid tumors and publications defining rare tumors in other areas, we proposed a definition of rare tumor in China, including 515 tumor types with incidences of less than 2.5/100 000 per year. We also summarized the current diagnosis process, treatment recommendations, and global developmental progress of targeted drugs and immunotherapy agents on the status quo. Lastly, we pinpointed the current recommendation chance for patients with rare tumors to be involved in a clinical trial by NCCN. With this informative report, we aimed to raise awareness on the importance of rare tumor investigations and guarantee a bright future for rare tumor patients.

关键词： rare tumors diagnosis flowchart treatment strategy clinical trials recommendation

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A microblog recommendation algorithm based on social tagging and a temporal interest evolution model

Zhen-ming YUAN,Chi HUANG,Xiao-yan SUN,Xing-xing LI,Dong-rong XU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第7期页码 532-540 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400368

摘要： Personalized microblog recommendations face challenges of user cold-start problems and the interest evolution of topics. In this paper, we propose a collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm based on a temporal interest evolution model and social tag prediction. Three matrices are first prepared to model the relationship between users, tags, and microblogs. Then the scores of the tags for each microblog are optimized according to the interest evolution model of tags. In addition, to address the user cold-start problem, a social tag prediction algorithm based on community discovery and maximum tag voting is designed to extract candidate tags for users. Finally, the joint probability of a tag for each user is calculated by integrating the Bayes probability on the set of candidate tags, and the top microblogs with the highest joint probabilities are recommended to the user. Experiments using datasets from the microblog of Sina Weibo showed that our algorithm achieved good recall and precision in terms of both overall and temporal performances. A questionnaire survey proved user satisfaction with recommendation results when the cold-start problem occurred.

关键词： Recommender system Collaborative filtering Social tagging Interest evolution model

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Translating evidence into policy in China: opportunities and challenges

Jiyao Wang, Xuejuan Jin

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 315-320 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0146-6

摘要： Research and evidence are critical for the formulation of policies and practices in support of health care. In the past two decades, the Chinese Clinical Epidemiology Network has been promoting evidence-based policy making in China. Evidence-based policy has become a major part of the government’s approach to policy making. The current article addresses the translation of evidence into health policies based on the expansion of evidence-based medicine in China. It also discusses the opportunities and challenges for certain evidence to be considered in policy making and practice in the future.

关键词： clinical epidemiology evidence-based decision making policy

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EncyCatalogRec：针对百科文章补全的目录推荐 Article

Wei-ming LU, Jia-hui LIU, Wei XU, Peng WANG, Bao-gang WEI

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第3期页码 436-447 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800363

摘要：目前，在线百科（如维基百科等）已提供海量且主题多样的文章。然而，部分文章内容仍不够完善。本文提出EncyCatalogRec，一种能为百科文章推荐相关目录，从而帮助用户更好完善百科内容的系统。首先，将百科文章和目录项表达为内嵌向量，基于局部敏感哈希方法检索得到相关文章，并以这些文章的目录项为候选项；然后，基于检索得到的文章及其目录项构建关系图，进一步转为乘积图；在乘积图上，将目录推荐问题转为直推式学习问题；最后，基于学习排序算法对推荐得到的目录项排序。热启动和冷启动场景实验均证实，本文所提方法性能优于已有方法。最后通过示例验证了所提方法性能。

关键词：目录推荐；百科文章补全；乘积图；直推式学习

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Moving policy and regulation forward for single-use plastic alternatives

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1423-5

摘要： Single-use plastics are often used once or cannot be reused for extended periods. They are widely consumed with the rapid development of social economy. The waste generated by single-use plastics threatens ecosystem health by entering the environment and ultimately restricts sustainable human development. The innovation of sustainable and environmentally friendly single-use plastic alternative materials and the joint participation of governments, enterprises and the public are promising technologies and management approaches that can solve the problem of single-use plastics wastes. The development of single-use plastic alternative products can be promoted fundamentally only by improving relevant legislation and standards, providing differentiated industrial policies, encouraging scientific and technological innovation and expanding public participation.

关键词： Single-use plastic alternatives Policy Regulation Sustainable development

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一种基于非线性时空效应的个性化下一个兴趣点推荐方法

孙曦,吕志民

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第9期页码 1273-1286 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200304

摘要：下一个兴趣点（POI）推荐是基于位置的社交网络（LBSN）的一项重要任务，其目标是使用历史签到数据在特定情境下为用户推荐下一个兴趣点。现有研究将用户时空信息线性离散化，然后使用基于循环神经网络（RNN）的方法进行建模。但是这些研究忽略了时空信息对用户偏好的非线性影响以及用户轨迹和候选兴趣点之间的时空相关性。为解决这些问题，本文提出一种时空轨迹（STT）模型。该模型使用具有注意力机制的长短期记忆网络（LSTM）作为基本框架，并将时空信息以编码形式引入模型。在编码信息过程中，使用指数型衰减因子刻画用户兴趣随时间和距离的非线性漂移特性。此外，本文在目标召回过程中设计一个时空匹配模块，该模块通过测量用户历史轨迹与候选集之间的相关性来为用户筛选最有可能的下一个兴趣点。本文使用4个真实数据集评估STT模型性能。实验结果表明，本文所提方法的推荐效果比主流的推荐模型有显著提升。

关键词：兴趣点推荐时空效应长短期记忆网络注意力机制